Alman Kladderadatsch Dergisi'nden bir karikatür.

The day of Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassinated.It started to WWI

ABSOLUTISM IN EUROPE (MY NOTES)

Components of absolutism:

1.      Ambitious dynasty

2.      Privileged but loyal nobles

3.      A peasantry devoid of rights dominated by nobles

4.      Emergence of a standing army: war is the main function and expense of the state even during peacetime.

CONTRAST WITH:

1.      Britain

2.      Netherlands

Countries with absolute monarchies:

1.      France (Bourbons, Louis XIV)

2.      Austria (Habsbourgs)

3.      Prussia (Hohenzollerns, Frederick William I)

4.      Sweden (Charles XI and XII)

5.      Russia (Romanovs, Peter the Great)

Patterns of absolutism:

1.      Role: Benevolent but strict father, obedient subjects

2.      Need to raise money for the military

3.      Alliance between the crown and the nobles

4.      Peasants losing their rights

5.      Cities losing autonomy and tax exemptions, mayors became civil servants who bought the title, government officials became residents

6.      Secularization of domestic politics and international relations:

a.       Gallican Church in France. Church appointments by the king, Ending the inquisition, reduced church authority over marriages, control censorship, establishing state supervision over education

b.      1716 – Peter made Russian clergy to take an oath that they would not interfere with state affairs. He abolished patriarchy, Westernized attire and many details of daily life.

c.       war for state reasons, not for religious reasons.

7.      Merging of the state with the absolute ruler: I am the state.

8.      Symbolism (uniforms, ceremonies- elaborate pageantry), architecture, art, city planning (boulevards, geometric cities).

9.      Persecution of religious minorities (heresy) (Hugenouts, Jansenists)

10.  Patronage system

How do they fill state coffers?

1.      Tax more efficiently (rise of bureaucracy)

2.      Sell honors, titles and hereditary offices (France)

3.      Sell royal lands

4.      Sell monopolies

5.      Tariffs on imports

6.      Borrow from financiers

Limits of Monarchic Power

Local powers and interests

Finances

INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION

Balance of Power (particularly important player- England)

FRANCE

Louis 14th – Versailles, more than 10,000 nobles: eat, drinks, hunt, chase women, gamble.

Fronde

Elaborate etiquette, fashion

Conde – prince supressed the Fronde.

Regency

Mazarin

Parlement

Nobles of robe

Nobles of sword

Mercantalism –East India Company –fail

PRUSSIA

Grew with the treaty of Westphalia

Frederick III established himself as the king: Frederick I

Frederick William I:

a.       Sergeant King: turned palacae into military training center

b.       abandoned luxury tailors, only uniforms

c.       firstsystem of military reserves in Europe.

Junkers

Kept privileges in exchange for service to the monarch:

a.       Own land, evict peasants, free from taxation

b.      the right to export grains without tolls, duties, taxes.

c.       Seniorial justice over their peasants

Serfdom

Bourgeoise had no power.!!!

Birth of modern bureaucracy

RUSSIA

Ivan the Terrible, dies in 1584

Time of Troubles

Peter the Great (ruled 1682-1725)

Muscovy: Sweden, Poland-Lithuania, Crimean Tartars

Boyars

Chronic shortage of rural labor

1649: official serfdom

Old believers

Westernization: ship-making, clothing, etiquette, architecture (St. Petersbourg)

Abolished patriarchate

Two oaths in civil service: one to him, one to state – distinguishes!

Russia lacked natural resources and a big merchant class

St. Petersbourg

FINAL UPDATE

YOU CAN TURN IN YOUR PAPERS AT MIDNIGHT!

PLEASE NOTIFY ALL YOUR FRIENDS!

FINAL EXAM

FALL 2013                                                  

IR 201                                                                                  

Political History I

Aysuda Kölemen

FINAL EXAM

EXAM RULES

• Please answer the essay question assigned to you below. You CANNOT CHOOSE essays. You can only write the assigned essay and the bonus short answer question. Bonus question is optional.

• Please email your exam to aysuda.kolemen@kemerburgaz.edu.tr by 20:00 today (January 9, 2013).  You will lose 5 points for every 20 minutes that you are late.

• You can use any WRITTEN source. Please be warned that if you use unreliable sources, your answers may contain incorrect information and you may lose points. Choose your sources wisely.

• You are not allowed to work in teams. You MUST answer the questions ON YOUR OWN. Collaboration will be considered cheating.

• Cheating – including plagiarism - will be severely penalized.

• If you use sources other than the course reader and lecture notes, you have to add references.

• Your essays should be detailed, and MINIMUM 1000 WORDS long for each question.

• You will have to reorganize the information we covered in the course, and SYNTHESIZE different topics and create a thematic essay. Simply recounting events will result in a poor grade.

• Please refer to all the major events and actors in your essays. You are responsible for everything covered in class and the reader.

• I recommend that you prepare an outline for each question before you start writing it

BONUS SHORT ANSWER QUESTION (10 POINTS)

How did Great Britain influence China and India as a colonizing power? Please write at least one paragraph for China and one paragraph for India.

 *******

GROUP 1

Adnan Çetinkaya
Batuhan Tüfekçi

Gökhan Özcan

Hande Ermiş

Hande Şahin

Sultan Kaya

Tuğba Dinçer

Yusuf Emre Iğnak

Zafer Kaya

ESSAY QUESTION FOR GROUP 1 (100 points)

Please trace Prussian/German history between the Treaty of Westphalia and World War I by focusing on all the themes and events we covered during the semester. How did the developments in Germany during this period influence other major European powers? How did the events in other major European powers influence Germany? Please explain in detail.

*******
GROUP 2 Aybüke Kamış Cansu Demirhan Devrim Domaç Gülay Şen İsmail Siad Merve İnanç Murat Can Kaya Talin Vural ESSAY QUESTION FOR GROUP 2 (100 points) Please trace French history between  the Treaty of Westphalia and World War I by focusing on the topics and events we covered during the semester. How did the developments in France during this period influence other major European powers? How did the events in other major European powers influence France? How did French imperialism affect parts of Asia and Africa that France had colonized? Please explain in detail. ******* GROUP 3 Ali Akman Cem Gül Deniz Öz Gözde Yılmaz Mete Yılmaz Muhammet Yöndem Safa Çiçek Sevde Gürakın Melis Enderer ESSAY QUESTION FOR GROUP 3 (100 points) How are the two revolutions that shaped the 19th century–the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution–similar to and different from each other? Describe these revolutions shortly. Discuss their influence on the economy, domestic politics and international politics as well as the military strategies and technologies of European powers in the 19th century in detail. How did they contribute to the spread of European imperialism and the outbreak of World War I?

Lecture Outlines

It's that time of the year. Finals are here.

Here are the lecture outlines. Please remember that these are ONLY outlines. They are summaries of summaries. An answer that only repeats these outlines will not receive ANY points in the final take-home exam. You need to write long essays with detailed analysis and description for your final exam:

The French Revolution

The Long 19th Century

World War I


I wish you the best of luck! :)

Guul ayaan kuu rajaynayaa!

Aysuda

The World's Most Beautiful University Library

http://akademikperspektif.com/2011/12/23/dunyanin-en-guzel-15-universite-kutuphanesi/